Filter Media

1.2 µm nylon membrane

Priming Volume

2.3 mL

Sterility

Sterile and non-pyrogenic fluid pathway

Tubing Extension

Phthalate-free

Maximum Recommended Flow Rate

300 mL/hour

Maximum Working Pressure

Approximately 22 psi (1.5 bar)

IV Filters

Filtration

The Pall Total Nutrient Admixture filter set is an air-elimination filter for use with any nutritional IV administration containing lipids and lipid emulsions. It is indicated for the removal of particulate debris, microbial contaminants, and entrained air that may be found in solutions intended for IV administration. It provides patient protection against particulate contamination, oversized lipid droplets¹, microorganisms^2,3, and air⁴.

Contamination of Parenteral Nutrition Preparations Can Have Serious Consequences

• Particulate contamination arises from infusion systems and components due to manipulations⁵, and interactions between components⁶. Particles can be deposited in the microvasculature of the lungs and other organs, resulting in serious clinical consequences^7,8. Gross precipitation in admixtures, which may not be visible when lipid is present, has proven fatal in cases⁶.
   
• Oversized lipid droplets arise in admixtures due to instability. Large numbers may lodge in the lung microvasculature and produce an embolic syndrome¹.
• Microbial contamination can inadvertently arise in infusion systems due to manipulations. Parenteral nutrition is an acknowledged risk for fungemia with Candida spp. being among the most common organisms involved⁸. Malassezia furfur is also emerging as an increasingly important pathogen in neonates³, having demonstrated the ability to grow in lipid-containing preparations^3,9.
  

References

1. Driscoll, D.F., Bacon, M.N., & Bistrian, B.R. Effects of in-line filtration on lipid particle size distribution in total nutrient admixtures. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1996; 20:296-301. 
2. Barnett, M.I. Filtration of lipid-containing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) admixture. Clin Nutr. 1995; 14:49.
3. Robinson, R. & Ball, P. Presented at the New Zealand Hospital Pharmacists Association Meeting. October, 1996, Auckland, NZ.
4. Coppa, G.F., Gouge, T.H., & Hofstetter, S.R. Air embolism: a lethal but preventable complication of subclavian vein catheterization. JPEN J Parenteral Enteral Nutr. 1981; 5:166-8. 
5. Foroni, L.A., Rochat, M.H., Trouiller, P., & Calop, J.Y. Particle contamination in a ternary nutritional admixture. J Parenter Sci Technol. 1993; 47:311-4.
6. United States Food & Drug Administration Safety Alert: Hazards of precipitation associated with parenteral nutrition. April 18, 1994.
7. Walpot, H., Franke, R.P., Burchard,W.G., Agternkamp, C., Muller, F.G., & Mittermayer, C., et al. Particulate contamination of infusion solutions and drug additives within the scope of long-term intensive therapy. Anaesthesist. 1989; 38:544-8.
8. Lehr, H.A., Brunner, J., Rangoonwala, R., & Kirkpatrick, C.J. Particulate matter contamination of intravenous antibiotics aggravates loss of functional capillary density in postischemic striated muscle. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002; 165:514-20.
9. Vazquez, J.A., Sanchez, V., Dmuchowski, C., Dembry, L.M., Sobel, J.D., & Zervos, M.J. Nosocomial acquisition of Candida albicans: an epidemiologic study. J Infect Dis. 1993; 168:195-201.